Determinantes na produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem / Determinantes en la producción de error en el trabajo de enfermería / Determinants in the production of error in nursing work

Objetivo: analisar condições determinantes para a produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem. Método: pesquisa documental, analítica, qualitativa. Dados coletados em 19 processos ético-disciplinares, no período de 2000 a 2018, cujo objeto de denúncia foi o erro cometido por trabalhadoras em enfermagem. Empregou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temática proposta por Bardin e a Teoria da Produção Social interpretada por Carlos Matus. Resultados: as técnicas e auxiliares em enfermagem foram as trabalhadoras mais denunciadas; o erro de medicação foi o mais frequente; a precarização do trabalho foi condição determinante na ocorrência de erros nos processos analisados. Considerações finais: predominaram condições estruturais de produção de erro no trabalho em enfermagem, permitindo refutar a noção hegemônica do erro como fenômeno moral no trabalho em enfermagem.

Objetivo: analizar condiciones determinantes para la producción de error en el trabajo en enfermería. Método: investigación documental, analítica, cualitativa. Datos recogidos en 19 procesos ético-disciplinarios, en el período de 2000 a 2018, cuyo objeto de denuncia fue el error cometido por trabajadoras en enfermería. Se empleó el Análisis de Contenido Temático propuesto por Bardin y la Teoría de la Producción Social interpretada por Carlos Matus. Resultados: las técnicas y auxiliares en enfermería fueron las trabajadoras más denunciadas; el error de medicación fue el más frecuente; la precarización del trabajo fue condición determinante en la ocurrencia de errores en los procesos analizados. Consideraciones finales: predominaron condiciones estructurales de producción de error en el trabajo en enfermería, permitiendo refutar la noción hegemónica del error como fenómeno moral en el trabajo en enfermería.

Objective: to analyze determinant conditions for the production of error in nursing work. Method: documentary, analytical, qualitative research. Data collected in 19 ethical-disciplinary processes, from 2000 to 2018, whose object of complaint was the mistake committed by nursing workers. The Thematic Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and the Theory of Social Production interpreted by Carlos Matus were used. Results: nursing techniques and assistants were the most reported workers; medication error was the most frequent; job precariousness was a determining condition in the occurrence of errors in the processes analyzed. Final considerations: structural conditions of error production in nursing work predominated, allowing refuting the hegemonic notion of error as a moral phenomenon in nursing work.

Has the COVID Pandemic Strengthened or Weakened Health Care Teams? A Field Guide to Healthy Workforce Best Practices.

During the 2020 global pandemic crisis, some health care teams pulled together while others fell apart. The teams who pulled together put aside their differences and became stronger, putting their patients first and then each other. Those teams grew stronger, but some teams completely fell apart. They spent their days nitpicking, complaining, and arguing-making decisions based on what was best for themselves, not patients or their coworkers. The common denominator in determining how well teams performed was the leader. Employees looked to their leaders to successfully lead them through crisis, whether it was on a small or global scale. Depending on leader behaviors, the leader strengthened or weakened the team; trust was built or broken. That is a heavy burden to carry knowing that employees were so dependent on them and how they showed up every day. What lessons can leaders learn from the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that can help them strengthen and sustain a healthy, professional, and supportive workforce culture during a crisis and beyond?

The importance of upholding the duty of candour during patient care.

In light of recent media coverage, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses polices and guidance pertinent to the duty of candour.

Factors Affecting the Failure to Report Medical Errors by Nurses Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine factors affecting the failure to report medical errors in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran. The required data were collected during stages of systematic review and develop of researcher-made questionnaire. A total of 131 nurses were selected using Cochran's sample size formula. The collected data were analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice software. Results showed that the most important factors affecting the failure to report medical errors by nurses were, respectively, management-related factors (W = 0.595), nurse-related factors (W = 0.276), and factors related to the error reporting process (W = 0.128).

Development of a medical error scale for nurses in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Medical errors can have an adverse effect on patients, health care providers and health care organizations. Determining the likelihood of such errors is important to implement appropriate and effective solutions to minimize errors. AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the likelihood of medical errors by Turkish nurses. METHODS: The draft scale (with 94 items) was developed based on primary references and the opinions of nursing experts. Content validity was assessed using 15 nursing experts. Construct validity of the scale was assessed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using 298 nurses at a university hospital in Trabzon, Turkey. To assess test-retest reliability of the scale, another group of 50 nurses were included. RESULTS: The content validity index of the scale was 0.82, Cronbach alpha was 0.89, and item-total correlation values ranged from 0.31 to 0.54. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.81, Bartlett test was 5909.75, P < 0.0001, and the anti-image correlations ranged between 0.63 and 0.90. In the four rotations done with varimax rotation, 42 items were excluded because their factor loadings were less than 0.45. The final scale had 43 items and six subscales: falls, blood and blood products transfusion, medication practices, care practices, communication, and other controlled practices. The six-subscale structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, and the fit between the scale and its subscales was good. CONCLUSION: The scale is a valid and reliable tool to collect consistent data on medical errors in the patient-related practices of nurses.

Adverse events during nursing care procedure in intensive care unit: The PREVENIR study.

OBJECTIVES: Intensive care unit patients undergo several nursing care procedures (NCP) every day. These procedures involve a risk for adverse events (AE). Yet, their prevalence, intensity, and predisposing risk factors remain poorly established. The main objective of the study was to measure the incidence and severity of NCP related AE. DESIGN: This prospective observational multicentre study was conducted in 9 ICUs. All NCP were recorded for four consecutive weeks. For each NCP, the following were collected: patients' baseline characteristics, type of NCP, characteristics of the NCP, AE and therapeutic responses. RESULTS: 5849 NCP occurred in 340 patients. Among the 340 patients included, 292 (85.9%) were affected by at least one AE, and 141 (41.5%) by an SAE during a NCP. Thirty % of NCP were associated with at least one AE: hemodynamic AE in 17.1%, respiratory AE in 13.6%, agitation and pain (3.7% and 3.3%). Eight invasive devices were accidentally removed. Severe Adverse Events (SAE) occurred in 5.5% of NCP. The main risk factor associated with SAE was pain/agitation at the beginning of the NCP. CONCLUSION: AE are frequent during NCP in ICU. We identified several risk factors, some of them preventable, that could be considered for the development of recommendations for the nursing care of critically ill patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02881645.

Nursing Students' Perceptions of Just Culture in Nursing Programs: A Multisite Study.

BACKGROUND: While just culture is embraced in the clinical setting, just culture has not been systematically incorporated into nursing education. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess prelicensure nursing student perceptions of just culture in academia. METHODS: Following a quantitative, descriptive design, the Just Culture Assessment Tool for Nursing Education (JCAT-NE) was used to measure just culture across multiple (N = 15) nursing programs. RESULTS: The majority of JCAT-NE respondents (78%) reported their program has a safety reporting system, 15.4% had involvement in a safety-related event, and 12% submitted an error report. The JCAT-NE mean total score was 127.4 (SD, 23.6), with a statistically significant total score decline as students progressed from the beginning (133.6 [SD, 20.52]) to the middle (129.77 [SD, 23.6]) and end (122.2 [SD, 25.43]) of their programs (χ[2] = 25.09, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study are a call to action for nursing education to emphasize the tenets of just culture, error reporting, and quality improvement.

Following-up midwives after adverse incidents: How front-line management practices help second victims.

OBJECTIVE: To describe how front-line managers of maternity wards provide support to midwives as second victims in the aftermath of an adverse incident. DESIGN: A qualitative study using critical incident technique and a content analytic approach of semi-structured in-depth interviews. SETTING: Maternity wards in 10 Norwegian hospitals with more than 200 registered births annually were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS: A purposeful sample of 33 midwives with more than two years' working experience described 57 adverse incidents. FINDINGS: Maternity ward managers utilised four types of practices to support midwives after critical incidents: management, transformational leadership, distributed leadership and laissez-faire leadership. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The study shows that proactive managers who planned for how to handle critical incidents provided midwives with needed individual support and learning. Proactive transformational leadership and delegating roles for individual support should be promoted when assisting second victims after critical incidents. Managers can limit the potential harm to second victims by preparing for the eventuality of a crisis and institute follow-up practices.

The Perceptions of Nurses About the Behavioral Needs for Daylighting and View to the Outside in Inpatient Facilities.

OBJECTIVES: This research aims to explore the perceptions of nursing staff regarding the effects of daylighting on behavioral factors including mood, stress, satisfaction, medical error, and efficiency. BACKGROUND: In spite of an extensive body of literature seeking to investigate the impact of daylighting on patients, a limited number of studies have been done for the sake of nurses' perceptions and behavioral responses. METHOD: A mixed-methods approach, comprised of qualitative explorations (structured interviews) and a validated survey, was applied and the results were compared and triangulated. Five nurses were interviewed and 156 nurses volunteered for a lighting survey from six departments of three inpatient facilities in Iran. RESULTS: The findings of this study are consistent with the existing evidence that daylighting and view to the outside enhance nurses' perceptions regarding satisfaction, mood, stress, medical error, and alertness, while reducing fatigue and stress. CONCLUSION: Patient rooms and work stations are the most crucial areas to provide daylighting from nurses' perspectives.

A revised MISSCARE survey: Results from pilot testing.

BACKGROUND: Missed nursing care has been recognized as a universal patient care issue that affects outcomes for patients, nurses, and healthcare institutions. The MISSCARE Survey was developed to measure and determine the reasons for missed nursing care episodes. An extensive literature review and expert nurse opinion revealed five additional reasons for missing care that the authors utilized to revise the Survey. METHODS: The revised MISSCARE Survey was pilot tested with a group of 145 nursing staff from a public, non-profit, acute care hospital in the Midwestern U.S. RESULTS: Analysis indicated favorable results for the revised Survey's acceptability, reliability, and construct validity. CONCLUSION: Based on the initial pilot study results, the authors recommend further use and study of the revised MISSCARE Survey with other nursing populations and additional psychometric testing.

Development and Validation of the Just Culture Assessment Tool for Nursing Education.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety efforts in practice have focused on creating a just culture where errors can be identified and reported, and system remedies created to prevent reoccurrence. The same is not true of nursing education where student experiences with error and the sequelae that follow focus on individual performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to adapt the Just Culture Assessment Tool (JCAT) used in practice settings into a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate just culture in academic settings. METHODS: A 27-item instrument was adapted for academia. Content validity was established. Reliability was determined in a pilot study with 133 prelicensure nursing students. RESULTS: The scale content validity index (CVI) was calculated at 1. The reliability of the instrument is strong (α = .75). CONCLUSIONS: The CVI and pilot study findings support the use of the JCAT for Nursing Education as a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate student perception of just culture in academia.

Nursing errors in the media: patient safety in the window.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nursing errors reported by the journalistic media and interpret the main implications of this communication for the visibility of this problem. METHOD: Documental research, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, with data collected in news reports from Brazil and Portugal, analyzed through hermeneutics with resources of Atlas Software. RESULTS: We analyzed 112 news items published between 2012 and 2016 that resulted in six categories: Year - highest occurrence in 2012; Age group of the patient - children; Professional category - nurses; Type of error - medication; Outcome - death; Possible attributed cause - occupational conditions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Nursing mistakes are a challenge for the profession, and the way they are communicated by the media is not very explanatory, contributing to a negative visibility of the profession, and to making society insecure. Improving the way they are served in the media contributes to the visibility of the problem without affecting the professional image.

Healthcare students' perceptions and experiences of making errors in simulation: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Research literature suggests that learning from mistakes facilitates news insights and leads to professional development. The significant growth in the use of simulation-based learning is premised on the understanding that in this context learners can make and learn from their errors without negatively impacting real patients. However, studies also suggest that making errors can be emotionally detrimental to learners. Given these contradictory findings, this literature review explores learners' views about this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this integrated review was to explore healthcare students' perceptions of making errors during simulation-based learning experiences. DESIGN: Whittemore and Knafl's framework for integrated reviews was used to structure this review. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and SCOPUS and the search engine Google Scholar were searched. The initial terms used were nursing students, medical students, health professionals, error*, mistake*, and simulation. METHODS: The original search resulted in 2317 potential records. After screening against the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 articles were critically appraised using The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist and were included in the review. RESULTS: The two overarching themes to emerge from the analysis were the impact of errors on learners and the impact of errors on learning. CONCLUSION: Despite the negative feelings experienced by some students regarding making mistakes in simulation, there were key factors that moderated the impact of these feelings and transformed the errors into learning opportunities. These included: the provision of a safe learning environment where constructive feedback was provided by skilled educators, and where students were supported to take responsibility for their mistakes. Although the findings suggest that making mistakes in simulation-based learning can be beneficial, optimising learning from mistakes requires a deliberate and thoughtful approach in which educators plan for and support learners to recognise, acknowledge and respond effectively to errors.

Is a Medical Mistake an Error or a Crime?

The case of a Tennessee nurse has rekindled an old debate.

Nursing students' errors in clinical learning. Qualitative outcomes in Mixed Methods Research.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze factors associated with nursing students' errors during clinical learning, and their perceptions regarding these events and the opportunity for learning and development provided by them. METHOD: Convergent Mixed Method design according Creswell and Clark. Qualitative dimension included face to face and internet interviews. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman method. RESULTS: Nursing student's errors were revealed according to their perceptions. They occurred in all phases of the nursing process and in transversal skills. Errors were acknowledged as learning and developmental opportunities. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Students acknowledged their errors and ascribe to themselves reasons and what could have prevented what happened. Mixed Method was a very adequate design to study phenomena. Qualitative dimension was essential to reveal and achieve the objectives. Suggestions founded on the findings are presented.

Nursing errors in the media: patient safety in the window / Errores de enfermería en los medios: la seguridad del paciente en la vitrina / Erros de enfermagem na mídia: a segurança do paciente na vitrine

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the nursing errors reported by the journalistic media and interpret the main implications of this communication for the visibility of this problem. Method: Documental research, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, with data collected in news reports from Brazil and Portugal, analyzed through hermeneutics with resources of Atlas Software. Results: We analyzed 112 news items published between 2012 and 2016 that resulted in six categories: Year - highest occurrence in 2012; Age group of the patient - children; Professional category - nurses; Type of error - medication; Outcome - death; Possible attributed cause - occupational conditions. Final considerations: Nursing mistakes are a challenge for the profession, and the way they are communicated by the media is not very explanatory, contributing to a negative visibility of the profession, and to making society insecure. Improving the way they are served in the media contributes to the visibility of the problem without affecting the professional image.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los errores de enfermería noticiados por los medios periodísticos e interpretar las principales implicaciones de esa comunicación para la visibilidad de esta problemática. Método: Investigación documental, cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, con los datos recogidos en los informes periódicos de Brasil y Portugal, analizó utilizando la hermenéutica con fondos de la Atlas.ti Software. Resultados: Se analizaron 112 noticias publicadas entre 2012 y 2016 que resultaron en seis categorías: Año - mayor ocurrencia en 2012; Edad del paciente - niños; Categoría profesional - enfermeros; Tipo de error - medicación; Descenso - muerte; y Posible causa atribuida - condiciones de trabajo. Consideraciónes finales: Los errores de enfermería constituyen un desafío para la profesión, y la forma en que son comunicados por los medios es poco explicativa, contribuyendo a una visibilidad negativa de la profesión, y para dejar a la sociedad insegura. Mejorar la forma en que se transmiten en los medios de comunicación contribuyen a la visibilidad del problema sin afectar la imagen profesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os erros de enfermagem noticiados pela mídia jornalística e interpretar as principais implicações dessa comunicação para a visibilidade dessa problemática. Método: Pesquisa documental, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com dados coletados em notícias de jornais do Brasil e Portugal, analisados por meio da hermenêutica com recursos do Software Atlas.ti. Resultados: Foram analisadas 112 notícias publicadas entre 2012 e 2016 que resultaram em seis categorias: Ano - maior ocorrência em 2012; Faixa etária do paciente - crianças; Categoria profissional - enfermeiros; Tipo de erro - medicação; Desfecho - morte; Possível causa atribuída - condições de trabalho. Considerações finais: Erros de enfermagem constituem um desafio para a profissão, e a forma como são comunicados pela mídia é pouco explicativa, contribuindo para uma visibilidade negativa da profissão, e para deixar a sociedade insegura. Melhorar a forma como são veiculados na mídia contribuem para a visibilidade do problema sem afetar a imagem profissional.

Nursing students' errors in clinical learning. Qualitative outcomes in Mixed Methods Research / Erros dos estudantes de enfermagem em aprendizagem clínica. Resultados qualitativos em investigação de métodos mistos / Errores de los estudiantes de enfermería en aprendizaje clínico. Resultados cualitativos en investigación de métodos mixtos

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with nursing students' errors during clinical learning, and their perceptions regarding these events and the opportunity for learning and development provided by them. Method: Convergent Mixed Method design according Creswell and Clark. Qualitative dimension included face to face and internet interviews. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman method. Results: Nursing student's errors were revealed according to their perceptions. They occurred in all phases of the nursing process and in transversal skills. Errors were acknowledged as learning and developmental opportunities. Final considerations: Students acknowledged their errors and ascribe to themselves reasons and what could have prevented what happened. Mixed Method was a very adequate design to study phenomena. Qualitative dimension was essential to reveal and achieve the objectives. Suggestions founded on the findings are presented.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar fatores associados aos erros dos estudantes de enfermagem durante a aprendizagem clínica e as suas perceções destes eventos constituírem oportunidade de aprendizagem e de desenvolvimento. Método: Investigação com desenho de Métodos Mistos de acordocom Creswell e Clark. A dimensão qualitativa incluiu entrevistas presenciais e pela internet. A análise de dados seguiu o método de Miles e Huberman. Resultados: Os erros dos estudantes foram revelados Segundo as suas perceções em todas as fases do processo de enfermagem e nas competências transversais. Os erros foram reconhecidos como oportunidades de aprendizagem e de desenvolvimento. Considerações finais: Os estudantes reconheceram o seus erros e atribuíram a sim mesmos as razões e o que teria prevenido a sua ocorrência. O Método Misto foi um desenho adequado para estudar o fenómeno. A dimensão qualitativa foi essencial para revelar e alcançar o objetivo. São apresentadas sugestões alicerçadas nos resultados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a los errores de los estudiantes de enfermería durante el aprendizaje clínico y sus percepciones con respecto a estos eventos y la oportunidad de aprendizaje y desarrollo que proporcionan. Método: Diseño de método mixto convergente según Creswell y Clark. La dimensión cualitativa incluyó entrevistas presenciales y por internet. El análisis de los datos siguió el método de Miles y Huberman. Resultados: Los errores de los estudiantes de enfermería fueron revelados de acuerdo a sus percepciones. Ocurrieron en todas las fases del proceso de enfermería y en habilidades transversales. Los errores fueron reconocidos como oportunidades de aprendizaje y desarrollo. Consideraciones finales: los estudiantes reconocieron sus errores y se atribuyeron las razones y lo que pudría haber evitado lo que sucedió. El método mixto fue un diseño muy adecuado para estudiar los fenómenos. La dimensión cualitativa fue esencial para revelar y lograr los objetivos. Se presentan sugerencias fundamentadas en los hallazgos.